{"id":608,"date":"2018-11-28T10:06:34","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T15:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/?page_id=608"},"modified":"2021-01-14T16:58:32","modified_gmt":"2021-01-14T21:58:32","slug":"waves-of-change","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/waves-of-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Waves of Change: An Interactive Exhibit of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at Monmouth University"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"sectionheader\">\n<h1>Waves of Change<\/h1>\n<h2>An Interactive Exhibit of <span class=\"nowrap\">Dr. Martin<\/span> Luther King Jr. at Monmouth University<\/h2>\n<p><\/div><div id='ytplaylist' class='ytplaylist' data-playlist='NQB9lAmUKx8,78cscUdiYJY,9vaQLjOm7Mk,GdMq3vDSduI,9sWsUkTC6g8,o--HFPMX03U,HhJcwTkwMIg,iRDbUjt4C8Q,uXnSUWartlM,18fzhDJv2BY,NXRqpjVnwNI,Tw-5H8bgqMc,LP4I3D7p0-Y' >\n        <div class='theVideo'>\n            <div id='ytVid'class='ytVid'><!-- vid goes here --><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='playlistdiv' tabindex='0'>\n            <div class='mobile-annotations'><!-- annotations goes here --><\/div>\n            \n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='0'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Question of the Future of Integration\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/NQB9lAmUKx8\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='0' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Question of the Future of Integration\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='5' tabindex='-1'>[0:05] Monmouth College became a university on March 24, 1995, when it received its charter from the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='24' tabindex='-1'>[0:24] Reverend Bernard Lee was an activist and a close aide to King.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='29' tabindex='-1'>[0:29] Red Bank Airport, with a half-mile landing strip, operated from the 1920s to the 1970s.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='100' tabindex='-1'>[1:40] William G. Van Note presided over Monmouth College from 1962 to 1971.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='1'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cA New Negro Came into Being\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/78cscUdiYJY\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='1' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cA New Negro Came into Being\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='30' tabindex='-1'>[0:30] Widely cited as the first documented arrival of Africans in colonial America. More recently, historians have determined that enslaved Africans were part of the Spanish expedition to what is now Florida.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='46' tabindex='-1'>[0:46] The 102 passengers and 30-odd crew members of the Mayflower landed in present-day Cape Cod in November, 1620.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='70' tabindex='-1'>[1:10] In the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme Court ruled that descendants of slaves are not American citizens.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='162' tabindex='-1'>[2:42] Noah\u2019s curse in Genesis 9 of the Old Testament was used by some to justify slavery by citing the original sins of Noah\u2019s son Ham.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='166' tabindex='-1'>[2:46] From Ephesians 6:5, \u201cSlaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and sincerity of heart, just as you would show to Christ.\u201d<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='327' tabindex='-1'>[5:27] Quoted from a poem The Negro\u2019s Complaint, written by William Cowper in 1788.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='339' tabindex='-1'>[5:39] Quoted from a hymn by Isaac Watts, an English theologian and writer.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='2'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cExtending the Frontiers of Democracy and Civil Rights\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/9vaQLjOm7Mk\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='2' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cExtending the Frontiers of Democracy and Civil Rights\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='64' tabindex='-1'>[1:04] Homer Plessy, a man with one African-American grandparent, challenged Louisiana\u2019s Separate Car Act by sitting in a \u201cwhites only\u201d train car. The Supreme Court ruled in 1896 that the \u201cseparate but equal\u201d doctrine was permissible.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='108' tabindex='-1'>[1:48] The Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education declared that the segregation of schools is unconstitutional.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='157' tabindex='-1'>[2:37] The Montgomery bus boycott began on Dec. 5, 1955, when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a city bus and ended on Dec. 20, 1956, following the Browder v. Gayle ruling that declared segregated buses are unconstitutional.l.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='172' tabindex='-1'>[2:52] The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act guaranteed African-Americans the right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In 2013, key portions of the Voting Rights Act were repealed leading to increased voter disenfranchisement. <\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='213' tabindex='-1'>[3:33] References the biblical story of Moses freeing the slaves of Egypt.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='224' tabindex='-1'>[3:44] Compares the civil rights movement to the great Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt to the land of Canaan that their God had promised them.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='3'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cWe Are Far from the Promised Land\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/GdMq3vDSduI\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='3' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cWe Are Far from the Promised Land\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='154' tabindex='-1'>[2:34] Churches usually served as the centers of black communities, and their bombings and burnings were often ignored or occasionally assisted by local law enforcement.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='175' tabindex='-1'>[2:55] A 1955 Time magazine article reviewed the desegregation efforts of each state. Mississippi received an \u2018F\u2019 rating.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='200' tabindex='-1'>[3:20] Racist violence against black people, even children, is a longstanding part of American culture. On Sept. 12, 1966, the Grenada schools opened and 250 black students attempted to integrate. They were attacked by a large white mob for several days until a federal judge ordered protection for the students on Sept. 16.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='4'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Real Potential Never Comes into Actuality\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/9sWsUkTC6g8\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='4' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Real Potential Never Comes into Actuality\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='112' tabindex='-1'>[1:52] In order to avoid integration, many white families moved to suburban areas with richer, whiter schools or sent their children to segregation academies. De facto segregation in the North, including New Jersey, originated with extended enslavement from 1776 to 1804. It continues to present day.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='145' tabindex='-1'>[2:25] Poor education historically leads to lower employment levels and income, producing a cycle of poverty.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='5'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cPerishing on a Lonely Island of Poverty\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/o--HFPMX03U\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='5' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cPerishing on a Lonely Island of Poverty\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='49' tabindex='-1'>[0:49] In 1966, the black unemployment rate was more than double the white unemployment rate, at 7.3 and 3.4, respectively. Over 50 years later in 2018, the black unemployment rate was still nearly double the white unemployment rate, at 6.5 and 3.5, respectively.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='90' tabindex='-1'>[1:30] The Great Depression led to Hubert T. Parson\u2019s financial bankruptcy, forcing him to sell the estate of Shadow Lawn at auction in 1938. It was sold to the borough of West Long Branch for $100 and his mansion now serves as the Great Hall at Shadow Lawn.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='6'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Language of the Unheard\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/HhJcwTkwMIg\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='6' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Language of the Unheard\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='75' tabindex='-1'>[1:15] Race-related riots in 1966 alone included the Hough riots in Cleveland, the Hunters Point uprising in San Francisco, and both the Division Street riots and the Marquette Park rallies in Chicago. The following year, race riots broke out in Newark, New Jersey. In 1970, Asbury Park, Red Bank, and Freehold also experienced riots.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='87' tabindex='-1'>[1:27] \u201cMolotov cocktails\u201d: A glass bottle filled with a flammable liquid and stopped with a burning alcohol-soaked rag. These devices were often used to attack law enforcement and set fire to buildings and vehicles during riots.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='7'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cA Massive Action Program\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/iRDbUjt4C8Q\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='7' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cA Massive Action Program\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='134' tabindex='-1'>[2:14] The war cost the U.S. 10 times more than it paid in support for all levels of education and 50 times more than was spent for housing and community development during that same period.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='156' tabindex='-1'>[2:36] Vietnam than we are about winning the war against poverty here at home.\u201d\nCollege campuses across the nation were divided on the issue of the Vietnam War. Monmouth students protested several times and participated in the nationwide Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam on Oct. 15, 1969.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='8'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Myth of Time\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/uXnSUWartlM\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='8' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Myth of Time\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='178' tabindex='-1'>[2:58] \"Edmund Burke\": Irish author, philosopher, and political theorist (1729-1797).<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='246' tabindex='-1'>[4:06] Governor Lester Maddox served from 1967 to 1971. He had previously defied the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by refusing to serve three black Georgia Tech students at his restaurant and, along with customers and employees, threatened them with axe handles.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='9'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Law Cannot Change the Heart, But It Can Restrain the Heartless\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/18fzhDJv2BY\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='9' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Law Cannot Change the Heart, But It Can Restrain the Heartless\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='95' tabindex='-1'>[1:35] The Civil Rights Act of 1966 would have barred racial discrimination in the sale and rental of housing.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='116' tabindex='-1'>[1:56] A sit-in protest had begun at Monmouth College the night before King\u2019s visit. Protesters claimed that Monmouth\u2019s administration had failed to investigate allegations of racial discrimination in college-approved off-campus housing.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='10'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cAn Amalgam of Black and White\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/NXRqpjVnwNI\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='10' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cAn Amalgam of Black and White\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='0' tabindex='-1'>[0:00] \u201cBlack power\u201d was popularized as a racial and political slogan by leaders of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. \u201cWhite power\u201d was popularized by the American Nazi Party founder, George Lincoln Rockwell, in response to the black power movement.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='96' tabindex='-1'>[1:36] English poet (1572-1631). Quoted from \u201cMeditation XVII\u201d from Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions.\n<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='11'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cA Kind of Divine Discontent\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/Tw-5H8bgqMc\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='11' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cA Kind of Divine Discontent\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='116' tabindex='-1'>[1:56] Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2 were the first and second artificial Earth satellites, respectively. Both were launched by the USSR in 1957, and they are often viewed as the starting point of space exploration. The name Gemini was given to 12 different U.S. spacecrafts launched between 1964 and 1966.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='124' tabindex='-1'>[2:04] During the Cold War (1947-1991) there was a constant threat of nuclear war. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is an example of the kind of imminent threat to humanity that nuclear warheads posed.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='168' tabindex='-1'>[2:48] References the first part of Dante Alighieri\u2019s epic poem, Divine Comedy, Inferno.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='229' tabindex='-1'>[3:49] President Woodrow Wilson spent the summer of 1916 at the original Shadow Lawn mansion. It burned down in 1927, and the current building, now the Great Hall at Shadow Lawn, was constructed in 1929.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='239' tabindex='-1'>[3:59] Founded in 1920, the League of Nations was the first international organization whose primary goal was to maintain world peace.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class='plElementWrapper' data-pos='12'>\n            <div class='plImgCont'>\n                <img alt='Video: \u201cThe Ultimate Goal of America\u201d'  src='https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/LP4I3D7p0-Y\/hqdefault.jpg' \/>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class='plDesCont'>\n                <button class='plElement' data-pos='12' tabindex='0'>\n                    <p class='plHead'>\u201cThe Ultimate Goal of America\u201d<\/p> \n                    \n                <\/button>\n                <div class='plStamps'><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='23' tabindex='-1'>[0:23] A gospel song, that is believed to have origins in tobacco plantations and was sung by slaves. The song was covered by many popular artists and became an important anthem during civil rights protests.<\/button><button class='plTimeStamp' data-seconds='189' tabindex='-1'>[3:09] A rallying cry of the civil rights movement, that is quoted from an old Negro spiritual. King used this phrase several times, most notably in his \u201cI Have a Dream\u201d speech.<\/button><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-noheaderimage.php","meta":{"_mu_eop_enabled":false,"_mu_eop_name":"","_mu_eop_name_override":false,"_mu_eop_description":"","_mu_eop_description_override":false,"_mu_eop_url":"","_mu_eop_url_override":false,"_mu_eop_program_type":"","_mu_eop_educational_credential":"","_mu_eop_time_to_complete":"","_mu_eop_number_of_credits":"","_mu_eop_occupational_category":"","_mu_eop_occupational_category_code":"","_mu_eop_program_prerequisites":"","_mu_eop_application_deadline":"","_mu_eop_application_start_date":"","_mu_eop_start_date":"","_mu_eop_end_date":"","_mu_eop_day_of_week":"","_mu_eop_time_of_day":"","_mu_eop_educational_program_mode":"","_mu_eop_financial_aid_eligible":"","_mu_eop_maximum_enrollment":"","_mu_eop_offers_price":"","_mu_eop_offers_currency":"USD","_mu_eop_offers_price_per":"","_mu_eop_offers_preset":"","_mu_eop_salary_upon_completion":"","_mu_eop_training_salary":"","_mu_eop_recognized_by_name":"","_mu_eop_recognized_by_url":"","_mu_eop_concentrations":"","_mu_eop_identifier_cip":"","_mu_eop_provider_name":"","_mu_eop_provider_name_override":false,"_mu_eop_provider_url":"","_mu_eop_provider_address":"","_mu_eop_provider_city":"","_mu_eop_provider_state":"","_mu_eop_provider_zip":"","_mu_eop_provider_country":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-608","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-16 23:04:17","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=608"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":798,"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608\/revisions\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.monmouth.edu\/diversity-and-inclusion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}